shutterstock 1318992449

*Feel like you need a dictionary every time you look at the ingredient list of a beauty product? Still unsure of the difference between retinol and retinoids? What about the unique benefits of vitamins B, C, and E? Are alpha and beta hydroxy acids the same thing? The skincare aisle can be overwhelming, but you don’t need a PhD in cosmetic chemistry to navigate it. With expert help, The AEDITION is demystifying and simplifying the beauty industry — [one label at a time](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/read-the-label).*

While the word licorice usually brings up images of trick-or-treating and candy shops, licorice extract also has use as a pretty powerful skincare ingredient – especially if you are dealing with [unwanted pigmentation](https://aedit.com/procedure/even-skin-tone-solutions). It’s already in a number of fan-favorite products, but learning how to spot it and when to use it can supercharge your skincare routine and even out your complexion. Intrigued? Here’s what two skincare experts had to say about the benefits of licorice extract for the skin.

## **What Is Licorice Extract?**
It all starts with the licorice plant (a.k.a Glycyrrhiza glabra). “It’s a herbal extraction from the root of the licorice plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and it’s one of the oldest medicinal remedies,” says [Natalie Aguilar](https://www.instagram.com/n4skincare/?hl=en), a Los Angeles-based celebrity aesthetician and dermatological nurse. “It’s been used in herbalism, traditional medicine, and skincare.” The licorice plant is native to Western Asia, North Africa, and Southern Europe, and, in addition to its topical and edible uses, licorice is used as a flavoring agent for tobacco.

The root of the licorice plant is where much of its power lies. It's long been [used to treat](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_1) coughs, colds, and chills, and ulcers, and it's also where black licorice candy comes from. But that's not all. The licorice root is the source of the extract that can be used topically on the skin.

## **The Benefits of Licorice Extract in Skincare**
The main benefits of licorice extract is its power to target, treat, and fade [dark spots and hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyperpigmentation-dark-spots-melasma) in multiple ways. For starters, “licorice extract is a beneficial ingredient when it comes to treating facial discoloration because it decreases inflammation and oxidation,” Aguilar says. “Decreasing inflammation is really important when addressing hyperpigmentation,” she adds, because [post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH)](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-induced-post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation) is one of the most common types of dark spots. That anti-inflammatory element can also work to calm irritation. While “it’s most effective in improving the look of an uneven skin tone, licorice extract has skin-soothing properties,” says [Purvisha Patel, MD](https://www.instagram.com/drvisha/?hl=en), board certified dermatologist and founder of [Visha Skincare](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vishaskincare.com%2F).

![Licorice-Extract-Skincare-Benefits-Infographic](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/3aFmB8CBPCdeWYqUTmHMp5/17a6fc5556518becf1a8f0bdf74ec243/Licorice-Extract-Skincare-Benefits-Infographic.jpg)

But there is more to this botanical ingredient. “Licorice contains a flavonoid, which is an antioxidant-rich component that decreases the way our skin ages and discolors,” Aguilar explains. “Licorice extract also inhibits the production of an enzyme (tyrosinase) that produces pigmentation in the skin.”

For these reasons, it can act as a gentler natural alternative to some of the other pigmentation-fighting ingredients on the market. “It’s a natural skin lightener that can help fade [sun spots](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage) and discoloration left from the sun, [acne scars](https://aedit.com/concern/acne-scars), and [melasma](https://aedit.com/concern/melasma),” Dr. Patel says. Aguilar agrees. “The best thing about licorice extract is that it is plant-derived, unlike synthetic ingredients like [hydroquinone](https://aedit.com/aedition/giude-to-hydroquinone), which have been proven to be harmful over a certain period of time,” she notes.

## **The Best Candidates for Licorice Extract**
The best candidates for licorice extract are those experiencing unwanted pigmentation and dark spots caused by UV damage, inflammation, age, or hormonal fluctuations. You can benefit from adding the ingredient to your routine if:

- You have an [uneven skin tone](https://aedit.com/concern/uneven-skin-tone)
- Your have [acne-prone skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-oily-and-acne-prone-skin)
- You are predisposed to PIH
- You want to *prevent* pigmentation
- You’re looking for an overall brighter complexion

Topical licorice extract is well-tolerated by most and considered a rare allergen. While the ingredient itself is unlikely to cause a reaction, a larger formula that it’s a part of may not agree with you. If you know you have [sensitive or reactive skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-sensitive-vs-sensitized-skin), we always recommend patch testing a product prior to applying it to your entire face. Furthermore, both of our experts recommend skipping licorice extract entirely if you have a known allergy to licorice.

## **How to Find the Right Licorice Extract Product**
The medicinal benefits of licorice extract (sometimes labeled as licorice root extract or Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract) can be enjoyed by consuming the ingredient in its natural state, which is why you can find it at many health and wellness stores [like this one](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iherb.com%2Fpr%2Fnature-s-answer-licorice-root-fluid-extract-alcohol-free-2-000-mg-1-fl-oz-30-ml%2F5253%3F). When it comes to topical use, however, it’ll be easier on your skin to use a product that contains licorice extract as part of a blend.

The good news is that this ingredient can complement other actives. “As wonderful as this ingredient is, it does better when mixed with other ingredients that do similar things, such as [azelaic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-azelaic-acid-in-skincare) and [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare),” Dr. Patel shares. “The effects can also be augmented when used in combination with a [retinol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) to help increase the absorption.” Aguilar, meanwhile, likes to use licorice extract with brighteners like [niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare) and [lactic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare). It comes down to your skin type and the other products you’re using, but it’s generally best to avoid using licorice extract with known irritants, like  [benzoyl peroxide](https://aedit.com/procedure/benzoyl-peroxide) and [hydroquinone](https://aedit.com/procedure/hydroquinone). 

## **How to Add Licorice Extract to Your Skincare Routine**
Licorice root can be found in an array of skincare products, including [toners](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-toner-in-skincare), serums, and lotions. But, as with most skin tone evening actives, it’s often best enjoyed in a targeted treatment or serum. The ingredient can be used as part of your morning and/or evening routine, and, while licorice extract isn’t known to increase photosensitivity, you should still be [wearing sunscreen daily](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-lightweight-non-greasy-sunscreens-to-wear-indoors) to protect your skin and prevent any further hyperpigmentation.

Dr. Patel recommends her [Visha Skincare Advanced Correcting Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vishaskincare.com%2Fproducts%2Fadvanced-correcting-serum-with-illuminotex), which blends licorice extract with retinol, [vitamin E](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-e-in-skincare), niacinamide, [ferulic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-ferulic-acid-in-skincare), and [hyaluronic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyaluronic-acid-in-skincare-dermal-filler) to address fine line and wrinkles, acne, scars, collagen production, and pores. As she explains, it’s “one product that works like five.” Aguilar points to the [Eminence’s Bright Skin Licorice Root Booster Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Feminenceorganics.com%2Fus%2Fproduct%2Fbright-skin-licorice-root-booster-serum) as a favorite thanks to its pairing of brightening licorice root with a natural hydroquinone alternative complex (featuring African potato and tara tree), exfoliating lactic acid, toning lemongrass, and more. 

If you are dealing with tough-to-treat [discoloration on the body](https://aedit.com/aedition/body-pigmentation-discoloration) – specifically, the underarms – Aguilar is a fan of the [Kaia Naturals Takesumi Bright Starter Kit](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaianaturals.com%2Fproduct%2Ftakesumi-bright-starter-kit%2F). “The set combines the most effective and safe actives to minimize stubborn dark spot pigmentation with ingredients including [kojic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-kojic-acid-in-skincare), a skin brightening active and tyrosine blocker; licorice root extract; niacinamide, which minimizes redness, blotchiness, and reduces inflammation; and alpha arbutin to minimize dark spot formation.” The kit includes a gentle bar soap and sensitive skin-friendly deodorant.

Other great options include the [Undefined R&R Day Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fundefinedco.com%2Fproducts%2Fr-r-day-serum), which is packed with botanical extracts to hydrate, refine pores, and help fade dark spots and acne scars; the licorice extract- and vitamin C-infused [Versed Stroke of Brilliance Brightening Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fversedskin.com%2Fproducts%2Fstroke-of-brilliance-brightening-serum%3Fvariant%3D20745086271547); and the [Physicians Formula’s Brightening Skin Booster Vitamin Shot](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulta.com%2Fp%2Fskin-booster-vitamin-shot-pimprod2003286%3Fsku%3D2538695%26), which targets signs of visible aging. On the toner front, consider the [Rodan + Fields Reverse Intensive Brightening Toner](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rodanandfields.com%2Fen-us%2Fshop%2Freverse-intensive-brightening-toner%2Fp%2FRVTG125) to improve the look of dark spots, discoloration, and uneven tone. 

## **The Takeaway**
Whether it's the result of sun damage, acne, or melasma, licorice extract is great for treating unwanted pigmentation and dark spots. The botanical ingredient can be used alone for medicinal and wellness purposes, but, for topical skincare use, it’s best to reach for a serum or toner that contains licorice extract. Use it AM or PM, and, remember, it plays well with other brightening actives. 

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Beauty

Want to banish hyperpigmentation once and for all? The candied botanical just might be what you’ve been looking for.

Guide To Licorice Extract In Skincare For Dark Spots And Hyperpigmentation

Read The Label: What You Need To Know About Licorice Extract In Skincare

prince-akachi-l3IHXOdMyHQ-unsplash

Surely you're familiar with [dark circles](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-aesthetic-procedures-to-minimize-dark-circles), infamous for cropping up after a restless night. To prevent them, there's a strong chance you slather on [eye cream](https://aedit.com/aedition/eye-creams-serums-to-treat-crows-feet-dark-circles-puffiness) and go through [under eye patches](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-under-eye-patches-masks) like it's your job. But, if all of that work is to no avail, you could be dealing with under eye hyperpigmentation, which may require robust means of treatment — likely at the hands of a board certified dermatologist or plastic surgeon. 

Under eye hyperpigmentation refers to discoloration of the under eye area, particularly excess pigment that's darker (usually dark brown or tan) than the surrounding skin, says [Marisa Garshick, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/marisa-garshick-md-313), a New York City-based board certified dermatologist. Medically referred to as periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH), these darkened skin patches result from an increase in melanin production due to anything from sun exposure to genetics. 

If you are underwhelmed by your current under eye treatments, it might be because you are trying to correct the wrong concern. Ahead, we break down the difference between traditional dark circles and under eye pigmentation, what causes the latter, and how you can treat it with the insight of three leading dermatologists. 

## **What Causes Hyperpigmentation Under the Eyes?**
Many factors can cause hyperpigmentation (a.k.a. pigmented dark circles) under the eye, ranging from uncontrollable factors like genetics or allergies to controllable ones like sun exposure and excessive eye rubbing. Determining what's causing your dark circles will help ensure the best course of treatment — because treating [hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyperpigmentation-dark-spots-melasma) isn't one-size-fits-all. 

One common cause of under eye hyperpigmentation is “sun damage over time,” Dr. Garshick says. Because the eye area is so “[thin and delicate](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-the-skin-around-the-eyes-with-skincare-and-non-surgical-cosmetic-procedures),” excess pigment “can give the overall appearance of darkness under the eyes,” she adds. The simplest way to prevent it? Double down on your sunscreen routine. We’ll use this as yet another chance to remind you that you should be using a minimum of SPF 30 every single day. While you can simply take your go-to face formula ([here are some dermatologist favorites](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-approved-sunscreen-for-face-body)) up the lower lid, there are eye-specific formulas that are less likely to cause irritation. We’re fans of the [SkinCeuticals Physical Eye UV Defense SPF 50](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skinceuticals.com%2Fphysical-eye-uv-defense-spf-50-3606000400504.html). 

But UV rays aren’t the only culprit. “What can also occur is some people can experience something known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH),” Dr. Garshick explains. PIH can occur any time the skin experiences inflammation or irritation. As it resolves, it heals with some discoloration. This is particularly common in individuals prone to chronic eye rubbing, skin allergies, and/or [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter) around the eyes, says [Joshua Zeichner, MD](https://www.mountsinai.org/profiles/joshua-zeichner), a board certified dermatologist in NYC.

## **Who Is Most Prone to Under Eye Hyperpigmentation?** 
Under eye hyperpigmentation is more common in darker, melanin-rich skin tones, says [Corey L. Hartman, MD](https://skinwellness.com/providers/dr-corey-l-hartman/), a board certified dermatologist in Birmingham, Alabama. Why? ‘If you don't have that much pigment to begin with, then you can't really have melanin dropping into the dermis, causing discoloration,” he explains. “But, if you do and those cells get damaged, it deposits into the dermis.” That's how hyperpigmentation develops.

Even so, Dr. Zeichner still deems it “very common” across all skin tones and ages. Interestingly, he observed an increase in patients concerned about under eye hyperpigmentation amid the COVID-19 pandemic. “Now that people are wearing masks and are covering the lower face, they have become [fixated on the upper face](https://aedit.com/aedition/popularity-of-eyelid-surgery-cosmetic-eye-procedures-during-covid-19),” he explains. 

## **How Do You Distinguish Dark Circles From Hyperpigmentation?**
The best way to diagnose the cause of your dark circles and develop a treatment plan is a [consultation](https://aedit.com/aedition/skin-care-questions-for-your-dermatologist) with a board certified dermatologist. But, if you're unsure about whether your dark circles are a shadow or true hyperpigmentation, Dr. Zeichner recommends the following at-home test: “Go into the bathroom or another very well-lit area with forward-facing light and a mirror. Directly facing the light, take your thumb and index finger and gently pull the skin out towards the mirror. If the pigmentation in the skin improves, then it's a shadow. If, when you pull the skin away, it remains, it is true pigmentation.”

If this test shows that your skin isn’t *actually* discolored, you probably aren’t dealing with hyperpigmentation. Instead, it’s probably a shadow effect creating the appearance of dark circles due to volume loss, or, because the skin under the eyes is thinner, the darkening you’re seeing may be due to your “blood vessels peeking through,” Dr. Garshick notes. This is usually the case when the dark circle “doesn't necessarily look tan or brown, but has more of a purple or blue hue,” she says.

## **How to Treat Hyperpigmentation Under the Eyes**
Now that you know what causes pigmentation under the eyes to develop, it’s time to talk about how to treat it. As we mentioned, your go-to eye cream or patches may not do the trick, as most are formulated to address puffiness, crepey skin, or blue-tinted circles. But that’s not to say there aren’t both at-home and in-office treatment options. 

### **Skincare Ingredients That Address Under Eye Pigmentation** 
When shopping for over-the-counter eye treatments to target hyperpigmentation, brightening and lightening ingredients are the name of the game. With that in mind, Dr. Zeichner 
recommends looking for products with [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare), which “helps block the production of abnormal pigment,” and [retinol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare), “which enhances cell turnover and therefore helps the skin shed cells that are darkly pigmented.” Dr. Gatrshick is a fan of [kojic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-kojic-acid-in-skincare), licorice root, and [niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare), while Dr. Hartman recommends [hydroquinone](https://aedit.com/aedition/giude-to-hydroquinone), cysteamine, and [tranexamic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-oral-tranexamic-acid-in-skincare).

These are all powerhouse pigmentation-fighting actives, but they can do more harm than good if not used properly. Dr. Hartman warns ingredients that can be very effective in treating the under eye area can also be irritating (and said irritation can lead to PIH). That's why it's important to use an under eye specific formula, and not “the same thing you're using on the rest of your face.” The skin of the face has oil glands, "which can help withstand the side effects of some of active ingredients.” The under eye area – you guessed it – does not have sebaceous glands.

Whenever you start a new product, keep in mind that patience is necessary and consistency is key. It’s important to know that OTC formulations aren’t for everyone and offer “limited benefits in severe cases” that require in-office intervention, Dr. Zeichner cautions. For most, a multi-modal approach will be needed. Consider this analogy: “Think of an in-office treatment like getting a personal trainer, and think of your eye creams as going to the gym every day,” he says. “It's important to do both for the best outcomes.” That leads us to…

### **In-Office Treatments for Under Eye Pigmentation**
If hard-working skincare isn’t enough, your dermatologist or plastic surgeon may recommend one (or more!) of the following courses of treatments. 

- **Under Eye Filler**: If volume loss is part of the reason for your dark circles, Dr. Hartman recommends [under eye filler](https://aedit.com/procedure/under-eye-filler), which helps reduce shadowing. Those commonly used in this area are hyaluronic acid-based products like [Juvéderm®](https://aedit.com/procedure/juvederm) and [Restylane®](https://aedit.com/procedure/restylane).
- **Chemical Peels**: Dr. Garshick explains that chemical peels can make great strides in improving discoloration. Certain types, such as a [TCA peel](https://aedit.com/procedure/tca-peel) or [glycolic peel](https://aedit.com/procedure/glycolic-peel), can be specially designed for the eye area. “While you can see benefits from just one peel, the more you do, often the better the result,” the pro says, noting that you’ll want to wait “three to six weeks in between treatments.” She emphasizes that it is “especially important to go to someone you trust to minimize any potential side effects and ensure a proper concentration is used.”
- **Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)**: Like dermal fillers, injections of blood-derived PRP can increase volume under the eye area, and it's also [been shown](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24641609/) to improve the appearance of dark circles. Alternatively, the combination of [microneedling with PRP](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling-with-prp) in the under eye area can help with both “skin quality as well as hyperpigmentation,” Dr. Garshick says. It's a good choice for those experiencing texture conditions like crepiness, she adds.
- **Laser Treatments**: Lasers reduce hyperpigmentation by “targeting a specific pigment in the skin and destroying it,” Dr. Zeichner says. Depending on your needs, your provider may recommend anything from [intense pulse light (IPL)](https://aedit.com/procedure/ipl) to [fractional lasers](https://aedit.com/procedure/nonablative-fractional-lasers). Know that, “after a laser, [the hyperpigmentation] may look worse before it looks better because it needs to heal from the treatment,” he shares. It varies by laser, but the healing process usually takes one to two weeks. “In some cases, multiple laser treatments may be necessary to achieve optimal results – especially in more severe cases,” Dr. Zeichner notes.

Keep in mind that many patients require more than one treatment modality to see results, Dr. Hartman says. For example, “if you have volume loss and hyperpigmentation in the skin, I could give you fade cream or do laser,” he shares. “But, until you correct the volume, you're still going to have a shadow.” 

## **The Takeaway**
Several factors can contribute to under eye hyperpigmentation, so the best course of action is to consult your dermatologist or plastic surgeon for a personalized treatment plan. We get it: Scooping up a new skincare product is exciting, but consulting with a professional will take all of the guesswork — and stress — out of the process.

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Aesthetics

Eye cream isn't cutting it? Your dark circles could be hyperpigmentation, which may require professional intervention. Here's what to look for, according to the pros.

How To Treat Hyperpigmentation Under The Eyes

Are Your Dark Circles Actually Hyperpigmentation?

pelayo-arbues-ZlbknuUE0Aw-unsplash

We often fall into the trap of forgetting that the face isn’t the only part of the body that has skin that needs care. As such, the face is not the only area that experiences [unwanted pigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyperpigmentation-dark-spots-melasma). Truth be told, this unwanted side effect of excess melanin production can happen anywhere from head to toe. From the armpits to the inner thighs and even the stomach, discoloration likes to call these areas home, but the reason for its existence isn’t quite as simple as one may think. Struggling with hard-to-erase patches of pigmentation on the body that seem to appear out of nowhere? You’re not alone. Here’s what you need to know about treating discoloration on the skin below the neck.

## **Color Theory**
Every [skin tone](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fitzpatrick-skin-types) contains melanin — it’s what gives pigment to the skin. Some of us naturally have more or less melanin than others, which is where darker and lighter skin tones come into play. An overproduction of melanin leads to hyperpigmentation anywhere on the face and body. Most of us are familiar with how [hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/concern/uneven-skin-tone) affects the face, but discoloration can occur from the neck down, too.

Simply put, hyperpigmentation is nothing more than an increase of melanin, the natural pigment in the skin, eyes, and hair. The overproduction produces patches and spots on the skin that are darker than the skin’s natural complexion. Hyperpigmentation on the face and body are similar in that they manifest as areas of discoloration on the skin. However, certain types of pigmentation are more likely to occur in certain areas, says [Dendy Engelman, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/dendy-engelman-md-312), a board certified dermatologist and Mohs surgeon in New York City. 

Generally speaking, there are three main types of hyperpigmentation on the skin: 

1. **Sun Spots**: Also known as ‘liver spots,’ or ‘lentigines,’ they arise due to [excessive sun exposure](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage). The face, hands, chest, and arms are commonly affected, and they are more likely to occur in lighter skin tones.
2. **Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)**: PIH can form as a result of any inflammation or irritation to the skin. It is most common in the areas where acne forms, like the face, back, and shoulders. “If you notice a new dark spot where you recently had a pimple, it is likely due to [post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-induced-post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation),” Dr. Engelman shares.
3. **Melasma**: The most ambiguous of the bunch, [melasma](https://aedit.com/concern/melasma) is believed to stem from genetics and hormonal changes (think: pregnancy, medication). It can occur anywhere on the body, though the face and stomach are typical locales for the brown blotches.

Especially as it relates to dark spots on the body, it’s important to talk about the difference between hyperpigmentation and [birthmarks or moles](https://aedit.com/concern/birthmarks-and-moles). “Birthmarks and moles may be raised, which can indicate that they are not another form of hyperpigmentation, although often they look identical,” Dr. Engelman admits. “If you notice a new dark spot that seems abnormal, visit your dermatologist to get it checked out since [skin cancer](https://aedit.com/aedition/bipoc-skin-cancer-awareness) can also look like a birthmark, mole, or hyperpigmentation but is extremely dangerous and can be fatal.”

The factors that cause discoloration on the face are the same as those that produce it on the body. With that said, facial skin generally produces more melanin than body skin does. But that's not all. Certain body parts have different melanin levels than others, says celebrity aesthetician [Natalie Aguilar](https://www.instagram.com/n4skincare/). Discoloration from one body part to the next can vary in color, even when exposing the body to the same trigger equally.

Furthermore, the face is also one of the areas most likely to be exposed to the sun. As a result, it can have more potential for damage and, in turn, hyperpigmentation. But, of course, that doesn't mean that the neck down is immune to unwanted discoloration — it's not. [Marisa Garshick, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/marisa-garshick-md-313), a board certified dermatologist in New York City, says that, because the skin on the body tends to be thicker, any of the hyperpigmentation involves the deeper layers of the skin. That means it can take longer to fade. 

Since no two bodies are the same, no two cases of body hyperpigmentation are either. Hyperpigmentation can occur in all skin tones but is more common in darker skin due to increased melanin. “When an injury occurs to the skin, it can stimulate melanin production, which leads to hyperpigmentation,” Dr. Garshick shares. “Additionally, some hormonal triggers can worsen or trigger hyperpigmentation, as seen in the setting of pregnancy and with some oral contraceptives.”  

## **How Well Do You Know Your Skin?**
There's no denying the importance of regular (read: at least annual) [in-office skin checks](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-skin-cancer-screenings-mole-checks) with a board certified dermatologist to identify and keep tabs on any skin changes. That goes for dark spots and patches, too. Anything from hyperpigmentation to [precancerous sites](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-actinic-keratosis) can be discovered during these appointments and then appropriately treated. “If the discoloration is associated with thickening of the skin, it should be discussed with a doctor to ensure there are no other contributing factors,” Dr. Garshick advises.

As we’ve established, hyperpigmentation can occur anywhere on the body and is primarily due to injury or inflammation. Body parts with folds tend to contain more melanocytes, but the most common areas of the body that are home to hyperpigmentation include:

- **The Underarms**: Aguilar says that hyperpigmentation in the underarm area is usually genetic, although irritation from repeat shaving, plucking, and deodorant may stimulate it. To reduce friction when shaving, always use thick, moisturizing shaving cream (we like [Pacific Shaving Co. #ShaveWithPurpose](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificshaving.com%2F)) and a fresh, clean razor blade.
- **The Inner Thighs**: Tight pants that cause friction and chaffing can lead to discoloration in the thighs and even stretch into the bikini line and groin area. Along with sun exposure, hormonal imbalances and changes and even some types of birth control can cause a darkening of the skin in these areas.
- **The Buttocks**: Darker skin tones tend to develop dark patches of skin and dark spots on the butt, which is a high-friction area that is prone to rubbing.
- **The Neck**: Normally found on the back of the neck, darkness can result from the sun or hormonal disorders. Marks on the front of the neck are usually more in line with what you experience on the face and décolleté.
- **The Stomach**: Technically known as the linea nigra, many pregnant women develop a vertical line running from as high as under the breast fold down towards the belly button and beyond. After childbirth, the linea nigra usually begins to lighten up around the four- or five-month mark. Melasma is also possible on the abdomen.
- **The Chest**: One of the most open and exposed areas to the sun is the chest, which is why sun spots like to take up residence here. On average, Dr. Engelman says people start to see body hyperpigmentation in the form of sun spots around age 40. “It can vary from person to person based on the amount of melanin present in the skin and how much sun exposure they have had,” she shares. 

Thanks to sun exposure alone, entirely preventing hyperpigmentation is hard (if not impossible). But there are steps you can take to minimize the risk. For starters, wear sunscreen every day on *all* exposed areas of skin (we’ve got a [roundup of dermatologist picks for face and body](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-approved-sunscreen-for-face-body)). Additionally, don't pick or scratch at the skin, as this can cause new discoloration or worsen existing spots. Finally, avoid using products on the skin that are irritating or photosensitizing (without protection), as they can trigger a reactive response.

## **Creating a Clear Slate**
As with any skin condition, the first step in [treating hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-treat-hyperpigmentation-with-skincare-cosmetic-treatments) is identifying the root cause of the problem. From there, it’s best to implement (with the help and recommendations of your dermatologist) a plan of attack over the course of at least three months, if not longer. Dr. Garshick says that the thickness of the skin on the body may make it harder for certain ingredients to work as well or as quickly as they do on the face. But, with patience, they can still be effective. “It is important not to be tempted to use too much of certain ingredients, like retinoids or [exfoliating acids](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-glycolic-acid-for-body), even though the skin may be thicker,” she cautions. The reason? More irritation means more chances to exacerbate pigmentation. 

While the length of time it takes for discoloration on the body to resolve varies from one person to the next, some find that it takes longer for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation to fade from the body than the face. It is also important to remember to be as diligent about [sun protection](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-apply-sunscreen-and-not-miss-a-spot) when PIH involves the body as you are when it involves the face, Dr. Garshick says. “This is because the more sun exposure, the darker the area may become and the slower the healing time,” she shares. “Without sunscreen, the hyperpigmentation can worsen and take even longer to fade.” 

Aguilar says effective ingredients for treating body hyperpigmentation include topical [niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare) and [alpha hydroxy acids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) (think: glycolic and lactic). “Glycolic acid helps to expedite the shedding of dead skin cells and reveal brighter and newer cells,” she explains. “Lactic acid also helps exfoliate old, dull skin cells on the skin's surface by dissolving the bonds that hold them together.” Both AHAs can be used as part of a skin-brightening plan since they are some of the gentler ones available. Niacinamide (a.k.a. vitamin B3) helps fade existing hyperpigmentation by decreasing inflammation and the redness associated with discoloration while providing antioxidant protection, too.

Other proven skin brighteners include [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare) and [retinol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare). “These ingredients – and niacinamide – work together also to fight other symptoms of aging skin and give the skin an overall healthier, younger appearance,” Dr. Engelman says. [Hydroquinone](https://aedit.com/aedition/giude-to-hydroquinone) is a more complicated brightening agent, while alpha arbutin is a less controversial alternative. Dr. Engelman's picks include the [Glo Skin Beauty Hydra-Bright Alpha Arbutin Drops](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gloskinbeauty.com%2Fhydra-bright-alpha-arbutin-drops), which is made with lactic acid and alpha-arbutin to brighten and gently exfoliate, and the [SkinCeuticals Advanced Pigment Corrector](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skinceuticals.com%2Fadvanced-pigment-corrector-883140023234.html), a lightweight lotion formulated with a non-toxic hydroquinone derivative called hydroxyphenoxy propionic acid. 

Body exfoliating washes and lotions are important to incorporate, too. Most contain exfoliating AHAs to help brighten the skin and fade unwanted discoloration. For a more intense exfoliation, Dr. Engelman suggests [chemical peels](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-superficial-medium-deep-chemical-peels) and [chemical exfoliants](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-medical-grade-chemical-peels-at-home-exfoliators) to remove the epidermis (the top layer of the skin) and hyperpigmentation over time. “This is not a quick fix, and it requires multiple treatments for best results,” she shares. “But hyperpigmentation will improve over time.”

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Wellness

How To Treat Hyperpigmentation And Discoloration On The Body

Everything You Need To Know About Pigmentation On The Body

shutterstock 1132629638

[Hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/concern/uneven-skin-tone) is a lively topic these days — and for good reason. From post-acne inflammation to age spots, there are so many different types of dark marks. As such, it can be difficult to identify exactly what kind of pigmentation you’re dealing with. And, from there, it may take some trial and error to figure out the best course of treatment for it. Here, we tapped three top dermatologists to talk about what exactly hyperpigmentation is, the difference between the various types, and how to deal with it in the best way for your skin type. 

## **What Is Hyperpigmentation?**
In simplest terms, “hyperpigmentation refers to darkening of the skin because of an accumulation of melanin,” says [Joshua Zeichner, MD](http://www.zeichnerdermatology.com/), a board certified dermatologist in New York City. While it looks different on everyone, very few are immune to unwanted pigmentation. “Hyperpigmentation is a common condition that many people, at all ages, suffer from,” says [Paul Jarrod Frank, MD](https://pfrankmd.com/), a NYC-based board certified dermatologist, adding that the discoloration leads to an uneven skin tone that leaves many patients frustrated. 

One cause of the frustration may be that it can be difficult to pin down exactly where the pigmentation is coming from. As Dr. Zeichner explains, there are many causes of hyperpigmentation and a variety of ways to help treat it. Very often, it’s the result of too much sun exposure. But the reality is that it can be caused by almost disruption to the skin, including acne, rashes, and even hormonal changes (think: pregnancy, birth control), Dr. Frank shares.
 
While an at-home skincare routine that includes [daily sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-apply-sunscreen-and-not-miss-a-spot) (a non-negotiable) and a smattering of brightening and exfoliating active ingredients can go a long way, hyperpigmentation often requires professional intervention. “It can be difficult to treat with at-home or over-the-counter remedies, especially for patients with stubborn and extensive situations,” Dr. Frank says. “However, the appearance of hyperpigmentation can often be greatly reduced by treatments available at dermatologists’ offices.” 
 
Another important thing to know about hyperpigmentation? Treatment is rarely one and done. Pigmentation concerns tend to be ongoing and require a combination of at-home skincare and in-office treatments to manage. Patience and diligence are key, as is identifying exactly what type of hyperpigmentation you have… 
 
## **Types of Hyperpigmentation** 
Since ‘hyperpigmentation’ is an umbrella term, it’s important to drill down a little further and figure out what is causing your dark spots. While there are some treatments that will work across types, others can actually make matters worse. Consulting with a board certified dermatologist is the best way to determine what type of hyperpigmentation you have and how to treat it, but below is a primer to kickstart your conversation:
 
### **1. Sun Spots**
Whether you call them ‘sun spots,’ ‘liver spots,’ or ‘lentigines,’ these small, flat brown spots are caused by [damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage). “Under the microscope, these spots actually show an increase in the number of the pigment producing cells,” Dr. Zeichner says. This is in contrast to [freckles](https://aedit.com/aedition/whats-the-difference-between-freckles-and-sun-spots), “which have a normal number of pigment producing cells that are just overactive,” he adds. The common locations for this type of hyperpigmentation are the face, chest, arms, and hands, says [Mona Gohara, MD](https://dermatologyofct.com/about/our-providers/mona-gohara-m-d/), a board certified dermatologist in Hamden, CT. It’s also more likely to occur in light skin. 
 
The fact of the matter is that it’s just about impossible to avoid sun spots. “If we lived in a bubble, we would never have these!” Dr. Gohara quips. To prevent this type of hyperpigmentation from cropping up uninvited, she [recommends](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-approved-sunscreen-for-face-body) wearing a broad spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and reapplying every two hours (or more often if swimming or sweating) “365 days a year, regardless of weather.”
 
The earlier you treat lentigines, the better. “Spots that have been present for extended periods of time often can only be treated effectively with lasers,” Dr. Zeichner says. But that doesn’t mean a solid skincare regimen doesn’t have value. Nighttime is the best time to use products and those to help with hyperpigmentation, such as [retinoids](https://aedit.com/procedure/tretinoin) and [alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare). “These products will encourage cell turnover and leave the skin smooth and exfoliated,” Dr. Frank says.  
 
### **2. Melasma**
“[Melasma](https://aedit.com/concern/melasma) is brown blotches that most commonly occur on the face, cheek, or around the jaw,” Dr. Gohara says. It’s also possible to see it on the temples and upper lip, the latter of which can make it appear like a mustache, Dr. Zeichner adds. While it’s quite common, its exact cause is unknown. “Melasma is determined by your genetics and is influenced by hormonal fluctuations,” Dr. Zeichner explains. “It often gets worse in times when estrogen levels increase, such as [during pregnancy](https://aedit.com/aedition/most-common-skin-hair-conditions-during-pregnancy) or when taking a birth control pill.” This is why melasma is often referred to as the ‘mask of pregnancy.’ Other potential culprits? Heat exposure, UV rays, and [blue light](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-blue-light-damage) from computers, cell phones and light bulbs.
 
Melasma is more common in melanated skin, and, to treat it, Dr. Gohara recommends a variety of brightening and lightening topicals — including [retinoids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare), [antioxidants](https://aedit.com/aedition/facts-about-vitamin-c-in-skincare), licorice root extract, and [hydroquinone](https://aedit.com/aedition/giude-to-hydroquinone) — and, of course, sunscreen. “SPF is non-negotiable, preferably [mineral](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-chemical-sunscreen-physical-mineral-sunscreen) with an element of [iron oxides](https://aedit.com/aedition/iron-oxides-for-visible-light-protection) to protect against blue light,” she says. Dr. Zeichner agrees: “Sunscreen is always important because even small amounts of UV light exposure can undo weeks of improvement with topicals.” 
 
There are also [in-office procedures](https://aedit.com/procedure/melasma-solutions), such as peels and lasers,  that can help, though it’s important to be treated by a provider who is well versed in treating melasma because it’s easy to exacerbate the condition.
 
### **3. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)**
Dr. Zeichner says to think of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) like a stain in the skin. “Any type of inflammation in the skin, ranging from a [burn](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-first-second-third-degree-burns) to [acne](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-induced-post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation), can heal with a dark blotch in that area,” he explains. These marks can last for several months or even years — making them, in some cases, even more bothersome than the original condition. Generally speaking, lighter skin types experience PIH that is more pink or red in color, while darker skin types have purple, brown, or black marks.
 
Because this type of discoloration occurs *after* the skin is somehow inflamed, Dr. Gohara advises treating the underlying condition first. Even though PIH tends to fade over time, Dr. Frank says it’s always best to treat the spots right after they occur with an energy-based device. For red marks, he likes to use a vascular laser (either the [Vbeam](https://aedit.com/procedure/pulsed-dye-laser) or the [Excel® V](https://aedit.com/procedure/excel-v), to be exact). For brown PIH, he likes to use the Pico Genesis™. It all depends on the color of the post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, he says. 

When it comes to topical skincare, Dr. Frank says AHAs and retinoids can be helpful in treating red marks on lighter skin. “For darker skin types, where the mark is more brown, I recommend AHAs, hydroquinone, kojic acid, arbutin, or a combination of these ingredients,” he shares. His [PFRANKMD Vanishing Stick](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpfrankmd.com%2Fvanishing-stick%2F), for example, is formulated with arbutin, kojic acid, and [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare). “The ingredients work synergistically to help visibly brighten, lighten, and tighten skin for a more even, glowing appearance,” he says. 
 
Similarly, Dr. Zeichner says to look for ingredients that disrupt melanin production. “Retinol enhances cell turnover and hydroxy acids, like glycolic acid, have an exfoliating effect,” he explains. [Niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare), licorice root extract, and [tranexamic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-oral-tranexamic-acid-in-skincare), meanwhile, “help calm inflammation,” he adds. He likes the [Bliss Bright Idea Vitamin C + Tri-Peptide Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulta.com%2Fp%2Fbright-idea-vitamin-c-tri-peptide-collagen-protecting-brightening-serum-pimprod2014641), [Rodan + Fields Reverse Tone Correcting Treatment](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rodanandfields.com%2Fen-us%2Fshop%2Freverse-tone-correcting-treatment%2Fp%2FRVTTG50), and [Pond's Clarant B3 Dark Spot Correcting Cream](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walmart.com%2Fip%2FPond-s-Dark-Spot-Corrector-Clarant-B3-Normal-to-Dry-Skin-7-oz%2F14178846) for at-home care.

## **The Takeaway**
No two hyperpigmentation cases are the same, but Dr. Zeichner says there are some basic treatment tenets that remain true regardless of what’s causing it. “First, you want to reduce inflammation in the skin; second, you want to block production of abnormal pigmentation; and third, you want to enhance cell turnover to help the skin shed the darkly pigmented cells,” he says. This can be achieved through a combination of professional solutions and topical skincare, so it’s important to [consult](https://aedit.com/aedition/skin-care-questions-for-your-dermatologist) with a board certified dermatologist to develop the best treatment protocol for your needs.

From sun spots to melasma and everything in between, we’re breaking down what you need to know about the most common pigmentation conditions and how to treat them.

Guide To Treating Hyperpigmentation And Dark Spots

The Ultimate Guide To Dark Spots And Hyperpigmentation

tachina-lee--wjk SSqCE4-unsplash

*Feel like you need a dictionary every time you look at the ingredient list of a beauty product? Still unsure of the difference between retinol and retinoids? What about the unique benefits of vitamins B, C, and E? Are alpha and beta hydroxy acids the same thing? The skincare aisle can be overwhelming, but you don’t need a PhD in cosmetic chemistry to navigate it. With expert help, The AEDITION is demystifying and simplifying the beauty industry — [one label at a time](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/read-the-label).*

Stop us if you’ve heard this before: This ingredient is gentle yet can show results in two short weeks! The claim would be a pipedream for most skincare ingredients, but, when it comes to kojic acid, it might be time to believe the hype. Derived from fungi but also a byproduct of select fermented products, kojic acid helps treat [hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/hyperpigmentation-treatments-for-men), melasma, and dark spots and minimizes the appearance of [sun damage](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage). While most brightening ingredients come in exfoliant form, kojic acid plays by different rules. Intrigued? Here’s what the experts have to say.  

## **What Is Kojic Acid?**
Kojic acid “is naturally found in a variety of fungi as well as through the fermentation of soy and rice,” explains Alison Adams-Woodford, a licensed aesthetician and senior manager of research and development at [PCA Skin](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcaskin.com%2F). Before you get spooked by the prospect of putting fungus on your face, Adams-Woodford notes exactly how it benefits the skin. “It is used in cosmetics primarily due to its ability to inhibit tyrosinase, an enzyme critical to the formation of hyperpigmentation that causes skin discoloration,” she shares. 

Thanks to its ability to act on processes that lead to unwanted pigmentation, kojic acid has come to be seen by many as a less controversial alternative to [hydroquinone](https://aedit.com/procedure/hydroquinone), which was [quietly banned](https://aedit.com/aedition/giude-to-hydroquinone) from use in skincare in late 2020 as part of the CARES Act.   

## **The Benefits of Kojic Acid in Skincare** 
We’ve already touched on a few of the benefits of kojic acid – brightening, treating hyperpigmentation – but that’s just the beginning. Allow us to break it down. Apart from mitigating the discoloring effects of [melasma](https://aedit.com/concern/melasma), light damage (ultraviolet and visible), and inflammation, kojic acid also has antimicrobial properties, says Janna Ronnert, aesthetician and founder of [IMAGE Skincare](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fimageskincare.com%2F). This makes it beneficial for those experiencing active acne breakouts *and* those looking to minimize the appearance of [post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-induced-post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation) (PIH) caused by pimples and lingering [acne scars](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-scars). 

![Kojic Acid Skincare Benefits Infographic](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/2rsvVtzwThreq4QLJ4LETd/9d422a9f90041f02c691300cf0276c06/Kojic-Acid-Skincare-Benefits-Infographic.png)

For those curious about its lightening properties, the ingredient is not a bleaching agent. “By blocking tyrosine from forming, it then prevents melanin production,” explains [Amy Spizuoco, DO](https://aedit.com/provider/amy-spizuoco-19341), a board certified dermatologist and founder of True Dermatology in New York City. “Decreased melanin production may have a lightening effect on the skin.” So, if you have spot-specific concerns or are looking to correct specific areas of hyperpigmentation, keep reading. 

## **The Best Candidates for Kojic Acid** 
Those looking for a more even complexion need not worry, this ingredient is safe for all skin tones and skin types given its slow and steady approach. As Ronnert explains, it “is especially well-suited for those who suffer from pigmentation concerns like sun damage or age spots.” Since hyperpigmentation does not live only on the face, kojic acid may also be worth incorporating into your [body care](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-body-creams-lotions-balms-for-every-skin-concern) routine.  

Since [uneven skin tone](https://aedit.com/concern/uneven-skin-tone) is one of the most common (and lamented) visible signs of aging, the evening properties of kojic acid make it a youth-preserving favorite. “It has been said that pigmentation is the new wrinkle, so providing lightening and brightening benefits to the skin will lead to age-later results,” Ronnert adds.  

## **How to Find the Right Kojic Acid Product** 
Due to its gentleness and multitude of benefits, kojic acid is a favorite of product formulators. It can be found in everything from at-home skincare and professional [chemical peels](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-superficial-medium-deep-chemical-peels) to prescribed medications, soaps, and powders. If you are looking to treat cases of sun spots or hyperpigmentation, consult with a professional first to discuss what format makes the most sense for your concern. “Skin discoloration can occur on larger areas of the body like arms and legs and those areas are more easily treated with a bar than a serum,” Adams-Woodford notes. 

As with any formulation, the ingredients kojic acid is [paired with](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-ingredient-pairings) matter. “[They] need to be stable at a similar pH,” Adams-Woodford cautions. “It is also good to pair kojic acid with other ingredients that address skin discoloration through different mechanisms to disrupt the biological pathway of melanin production from multiple angles.” Her picks? [Azelaic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-azelaic-acid-in-skincare), licorice, [retinoids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare), arbutin, and [lactic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) (to name a few). “Additionally, calming ingredients are a good addition to kojic acid-containing products as inflammation can worsen skin discoloration,” she notes.

Those looking to treat specific spots can find solace in the [PCA Skin Pigment Gel HQ Free](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcaskin.com%2Fpigment-gelr-hq-free.html). Use it after cleansing but before sunscreen in the morning or as a moisturizer in the evening. Also on the serum front, the [SkinCeuticals Discoloration Defense](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skinceuticals.com%2Fdiscoloration-defense-3606000481244.html) pairs kojic acid with [tranexamic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-oral-tranexamic-acid-in-skincare) and [niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare) to reduce stubborn pigment, while the [Neutrogena Rapid Tone Repair Dark Spot Corrector](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulta.com%2Fp%2Frapid-tone-repair-dark-spot-corrector-xlsImpprod6430305) features a powerhouse trio of kojic acid, retinol, and vitamin C.

If you prefer a treatment step, the [Tracie Martyn Enzyme Exfoliant](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermstore.com%2Ftracie-martyn-enzyme-exfoliant%2F11332010.html) uses natural exfoliators (like pineapple enzymes and fruit acids) to refine skin texture and kojic acid and volcanic minerals to even skin tone and remove impurities. When it comes to cleansing and toning, look no further than the [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare) and kojic acid-infused [HoliFrog Sunapee Sacred-C Powder Wash](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermstore.com%2Fholifrog-sunapee-sacred-c-powder-wash-2.5-fl.-oz%2F12870489.html) and the [Versed Weekend Glow Daily Brightening Solution](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermstore.com%2Fversed-weekend-glow-daily-brightening-solution-4-fl.-oz.%2F12902699.html), which pairs alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) with kojic and azelaic acids to lift dead skin cells, clear pores, and brighten dark spots.

## **How to Add Kojic Acid to Your Skincare Routine** 
The beauty of kojic acid is its versatility, so finding a place for it in your routine doesn’t have to be a chore. The best practice when [introducing any new skincare product or ingredient](https://aedit.com/aedition/safely-trying-new-skincare-products-ingredients) is to avoid the urge to rush into it. “It can be used daily and, like any lightening agent, it is best to use at bedtime,” Dr. Spizuoco shares. “If you have sensitive skin, try starting slow, using it two to three times a week for a month and then nightly.”

Kojic acid can cause contact dermatitis, leading to itchiness, redness, and irritation, especially for those who are on the more [sensitive side](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-sensitive-vs-sensitized-skin). To avoid this, check that the ingredient is formulated at less than one percent and slowly build up tolerance as Dr. Spizuoco suggests.

As is the case with all (read: no exceptions) ingredients, kojic acid must be used within a routine that includes [sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-lightweight-non-greasy-sunscreens-to-wear-indoors) in the morning. “The best way to avoid developing further pigmentation concerns is to be proactive, so I always recommend using a daily moisturizer with sunscreen built-in,” Ronnert shares. We’re fans of the [IMAGE Skincare Prevention+ Daily Hydrating Moisturizer SPF 30+](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fimageskincare.com%2Fcollections%2Fprevention%2Fproducts%2Fdaily-hydrating-moisturizer-spf-30).

## **The Takeaway** 
Kojic acid is a great skincare addition for those experiencing unwanted pigmentation and dullness. As though that wasn’t enough, it also offers antimicrobial benefits that may be beneficial for those prone to acne while brightening the complexion. Safe for most all skin types, a good SPF will help to prevent future damage while kojic acid treats existing issues. 

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

This gentle skin tone perfector can show results in two short weeks. Here’s what you need to know about this brightening beauty.

Guide To Kojic Acid In Skincare For Dark Spots, Melasma, Hyperpigmentation

Read the Label: All Of Your Kojic Acid Questions Answered

andrew-santellan-P3lH2M2hDj4-unsplash

Whether it’s the result of [sun damage](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage), [post-acne marks](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-induced-post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation), or hormonal changes, the term ‘hyperpigmentation’ refers to patches of darker skin due to an overproduction of melanin. While no two [hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-treat-hyperpigmentation-with-skincare-cosmetic-treatments) cases are the same, it’s unifying in so far as it is something that *so many of us* deal with. 

From a medical perspective, increased pigmentation is not usually cause for concern — though you must keep up with your [annual skin cancer screenings](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-skin-cancer-screenings-mole-checks) with your dermatologist. From an aesthetic perspective, however, [uneven skin tone](https://aedit.com/concern/uneven-skin-tone) is not always welcome. For those who are bothered by their hyperpigmentation, makeup can neutralize its effects — but it’s just a method of concealment. And, if ‘beauty’ is a skincare-only thing for you (like it is for many men), color cosmetics aren’t even a quick fix. 

To truly enjoy a [more even skin tone](https://aedit.com/procedure/even-skin-tone-solutions), professional intervention is required, and it can be an ongoing project to find the right combination of in-office treatments, prescription topicals, and over-the-counter solutions to even out the skin. Here, we caught up with top dermatologists to find out whether hyperpigmentation differs for men, what causes it, how to address it, and more. 

## **What Causes Hyperpigmentation?** 
As it relates to hyperpigmentation, one thing that differs between men and women is the cause. Generally speaking, dark spots crop up as a result of sun damage, certain types of hormone imbalances, and post-inflammatory pigmentation (PIH). “Men get a lot of hyperpigmentation from their beard as a result of shaving and ingrown hairs,” says [Paul Jarrod Frank, MD](https://pfrankmd.com/), a board certified celebrity dermatologist in New York City. “This is the type of post-inflammatory pigmentation that is very significant and common in men, probably the most common.” 
 
In the case of ingrowns, there are two issues to address. “We not only have to treat the problem with the ingrown hair but the side effect of the pigmentation,” Dr. Frank adds. The most effective treatment plan usually involves a combination of in-office treatments and at-home topicals. No matter the cause, this multi-modality approach is often the key to success. 
 
While there are plenty of products in the skincare aisle that promise to brighten the skin, hyperpigmentation can be difficult to treat purely with at-home and over-the-counter remedies, says [Blair Murphy-Rose, MD](https://www.laserskinsurgery.com/meet-the-doctors/dr-blair-murphy-rose/), a board certified dermatologist in NYC. This is especially true for patients with stubborn and extensive cases. Professional treatments, meanwhile, pack a more serious punch, but even those tend to need reinforcement. “Hyperpigmentation can be an ongoing condition that may not be resolved with one treatment and at-home care is often necessary as well,” she adds.  

## **How Does Hyperpigmentation Differ for Men?** 
“Hyperpigmentation is fundamentally the same in both men and women,” Dr. Murphy-Rose shares. The exception is [melasma](https://aedit.com/concern/melasma), a common hyperpigmentation disorder that is believed to be caused by some combination of sun exposure, hormonal changes, and genetic predisposition. It is seen more frequently in women (especially after pregnancy), but, even so, it can affect men as well.

Rather than be differentiated by sex, hyperpigmentation is moreso differentiated by where it exists in the skin. “The biology of the skin is not that much different,” Dr. Frank says of the comparison between men and women. “It's less of a gender issue and more of a [skin type](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fitzpatrick-skin-types) issue.” For example, darker skin tones are more likely to get deeper, darker pigmentation, he notes. As such, patients with melanin-rich skin tend to have more of an issue with hyperpigmentation. 
 
Another factor to consider is the layer of the skin the pigment is in. As Dr. Frank explains, most [sunspots](https://aedit.com/aedition/whats-the-difference-between-freckles-and-sun-spots) are “very superficial,” as the pigment is located at the base of the epidermis. Age spots and even melasma, meanwhile, may sit deeper in the dermis and require different treatment.
 
## **In-Office Hyperpigmentation Treatments**
We’ll give it to you straight: Treating hyperpigmentation takes patience, but there are a host of in-office treatments that, over time, can even out the tone and texture of the skin. “Which is best for you will depend on the type of hyperpigmentation you have, the depth of that pigment in the skin, as well as your skin tone,” Dr. Murphy-Rose explains. “Often, a combination of multiple modalities may be most effective.” Below, a few of the most effective:
 
### **1. Chemical Peels**
[Chemical peels](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-superficial-medium-deep-chemical-peels) exfoliate outer skin layers, helping to lighten darkened areas. They come in different potencies — [superficial](https://aedit.com/procedure/superficial-chemical-peels), [medium](https://aedit.com/procedure/medium-depth-chemical-peels), and [deep](https://aedit.com/procedure/deep-chemical-peels) — based on the concentration of the solution (usually a combination of acids). In any case, the solution is applied to clean skin and denatures the outer layers of skin. As a result, the skin peels or sheds off, Dr. Murphy-Rose says. 

The depth of the peel will determine how much peeling there is. A light [glycolic acid peel](https://aedit.com/procedure/glycolic-peel) or [salicylic acid peel](https://aedit.com/procedure/salicylic-acid-peel), for example, may only have a bit of mild flaking for a few days, while a deep [phenol peel](https://aedit.com/procedure/phenol-peel) or [croton oil peel](https://aedit.com/procedure/croton-oil-peel) can have weeks of downtime, with some swelling and redness hanging around even longer. Once the dead skin is sloughed off, brighter, smoother skin is revealed. Depending on the type of peel, an initial series of treatments may be recommended to achieve results, followed by less frequent maintenance appointments. 
 
### **2. Lasers**
[Laser skin resurfacing](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-ablative-laser-skin-resurfacing) is another tried-and-true treatment for hyperpigmentation. Fractional laser resurfacing treatments like [Fraxel®](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fraxel-laser-skin-resurfacing-treatments) and [Clear + Brilliant®](https://aedit.com/procedure/clear-brilliant) (a.k.a. ‘baby Fraxel’) can be effective for reducing hyperpigmentation. Dr. Murphy-Rose often combines laser resurfacing with topical medications massaged into the treated skin to reduce and prevent hyperpigmentation. “These are very helpful for both men and women, and your dermatologist can help to determine if you are a good candidate for treatment,” she advises. [Darker skin types](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-laser-skin-hair-removal-treatments-for-darker-skin-tones) must exercise caution with Fraxel®, but Clear + Brilliant® is generally safe for most skin tones, she adds. 
  
In his PFRANKMD Pigment Protocol, Dr. Frank uses the Clear + Brilliant® laser and a pico laser. “We get this one plus one equals three synergistic response where we’re combining two lasers — one superficial, one deep — to get the full thickness of improvement of hyperpigmentation,” he explains. There are also deeper treatments, such as [tattoo removal lasers](https://aedit.com/procedure/tattoo-removal-solutions) like pico or Aerolase®. “These are often combined because it’s rare that someone has just one type of pigmentation,” Dr. Frank says. Again, a series of treatments will likely be needed for best results.
 
### **3. Microneedling**
Microneedling (also known as collagen induction therapy) has been enjoying a meteoric rise in popularity thanks to its ability to treat a multitude of skin tone and texture concerns. “Both [manual microneedling](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling) and [microneedling with radiofrequency (RF)](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling-with-radiofrequency) are available and are safe for most skin types,” Dr. Murphy-Rose says. All microneedling treatments involve puncturing the skin with tiny needles, creating micro-injuries that stimulate the body's natural healing process. 

In the case of RF microneedling, radiofrequency energy waves gently heat the dermis to encourage collagen and elastin growth and skin tightening. Like lasers and chemical peels, multiple microneedling appointments are needed in order to enjoy the benefits.
 
### **4. Prescription Topicals**
Topical skincare can also address hyperpigmentation concerns. Prescription-strength [retinoids](https://aedit.com/procedure/tretinoin), tranexamic acid, and cysteamine can all improve skin tone. Dr. Frank likes to use prescription topicals and medical-grade skincare, like his own compounded [Vanishing Stick](https://pfrankmd.com/vanishing-stick/). Formulated with arbutin, kojic acid, and vitamin C, “the ingredients work synergistically to help visibly brighten, lighten, and tighten skin for a more even appearance,” he says. 
 
## **At-Home Products for Treating Hyperpigmentation** 
As we’ve mentioned, successful hyperpigmentation treatments usually involve a combination of in-office and at-home treatments. The single most vital part of your skincare regimen? [Sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-approved-sunscreen-for-face-body). “Excellent photoprotection is most important for treating and preventing hyperpigmentation,” Dr. Murphy-Rose notes. She recommends using a [mineral sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-chemical-sunscreen-physical-mineral-sunscreen) with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to create a physical shield between your skin and the sun. “At the end of the day, hyperpigmentation is easier to prevent than treat, so daily sunscreen with reapplication every two-three hours is important,” Dr. Frank adds. 

Once you’ve got your sun care routine down pat, it’s time to introduce some brightening active ingredients. Some of Dr. Murphy-Rose’s favorite topical ingredients for hyperpigmentation include kojic acid, [tranexamic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-oral-tranexamic-acid-in-skincare), cysteamine, and [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare), all of which interfere with melanin synthesis in the skin. Exfoliation is also key. “[Retinol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) (a form of vitamin A) and [alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) increase exfoliation to help shed darkened areas faster,” she adds. When using these ingredients, be *extra* diligent with your sunscreen. “Just note that they increase sun sensitivity, so excellent sun protection is even more essential,” she cautions.  
 
The great things about these ingredients is that they are easily found in an array of at-home skincare products — from cleansers and toners to serums and treatment masks. Below, some of the products we love for treating hyperpigmentation at home:

### **Cleanser & Toner**
- Featuring plant-derived growth factors [Obaji Kinetin+ Exfoliating Cleansing Gel](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.obagi.com%2Fclinical%2Fkinetin-exfoliating-cleansing-gel), this exfoliating cleanser that helps dissolve dirt, oil, makeup, and dead skin.
- There is no wrong way to use the [Glytone Enhance Brightening Cleansing Powder](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermstore.com%2Fglytone-enhance-brightening-cleansing-powder-2-oz.%2F13175645.html). This non-abrasive daily exfoliator features a 10 percent AHA complex to brighten, [niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare) to improve the appearance of pores, and glutathione to ward-off premature signs of aging. 
- Developed by a board certified plastic surgeon to help maintain the skin in-between appointments, the [Theraderm Fruit Acid Exfoliant](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftheraderm.net%2Ffruit-acid-exfoliant.html) is a lactic acid-based toner minimizes the appearance of pores, evens skin tone, and helps improves the absorption of other skin care products.

### **Serums**
- Created by a former KPop star (!) [Matter of Fact Skincare Ascorbic Acid 20 Brightening C Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmatteroffact.com%2Fproducts%2Fascorbic-acid-20-brightening-c-serum) features a patent-pending, waterless formula that combines 20 percent vitamin C with antioxidants to improve dullness, discoloration, and wrinkles. Best of all, it doesn’t feature that hotdog-water smell that so often accompanies vitamin C serums.
- Josh Rosebrook’s new [C Bright Complex](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fjoshrosebrook.com%2F) is a lightweight, moisturizing vitamin C with dual biomimetic complexes. It stimulates collagen synthesis, visibly reduces dark spots, and protects against signs of oxidative stress. 
- [Mila Moursi Refining Lotion](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomingdales.com%2Fshop%2Fproduct%2Fmila-moursi-refining-lotion%3FID%3D1751163) is more of a serum than a lotion. It brightens, clarifies, and evens skin tone, thanks to a blend of fruit acids and botanicals, plus glycolic acid exfoliates. Antioxidant vitamin C fights environmental aggressors. 
- [It Cosmetics Bye Bye Dullness Vitamin C Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulta.com%2Fp%2Fbye-bye-dullness-vitamin-c-serum-pimprod2025876%3Fsku%3D2581358) helps brighten skin in just 10 days thanks to a blend of 15 percent vitamin C and [vitamin E](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-e-in-skincare). 
- [Peter Thomas Roth Potent-C Vitamin C Power Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fpotent-c-power-serum-P428100) works for all skin types and features 20 percent THD ascorbate, a potent, ultra-stable ingredient that visibly brightens skin. 

### **Creams**
- [Alpyn Beauty Triple C Brightening Bounce Cream](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Falpyn-beauty-triple-c-brightening-bounce-cream-P477492) is an aloe-based moisturizer with a springy texture that delivers long-lasting moisture in a brightening, breathable formula. Packed with vitamins and antioxidants, humectants and hydrators, it helps smooth and diminish the appearance of fine lines. 
- A rich, hydrating formula, the [REN Overnight Glow Dark Spot Sleeping Cream](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fren-overnight-glow-dark-spot-sleeping-cream-P457512) is designed to target dark spots and reinvigorate skin’s appearance as you sleep. 

### **Masks & Treatments** 
- [Tracie Martyn Enzyme Exfoliant](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbluemercury.com%2Fproducts%2Ftracie-martyn-enzyme-exfoliant) is a two-in-one mask and exfoliator with pineapple enzymes, in addition to kocjic, malic, and lactic acids. Hailed as a ‘facial in a pot,’ it softens fine lines and minimizes pores while imparting glow. 
- One way to avoid post-acne PIH is to prevent breakouts in the first place. The [Renée Rouleau Rapid Response Detox Masque](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reneerouleau.com%2Fcollections%2Fmasques%2Fproducts%2Frapid-response-detox-masque) blends antimicrobial tea tree oil with 2 percent salicylic acid to clear pores and gently exfoliate. 
- A little goes a long way (think: 10 to 15 minutes every one to two weeks) with the [Goodhabit Bright Bright Baby Glow On Enzyme Mask Extend](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgoodhabitskin.com%2Fproducts%2Fglow-on-enzyme-mask). A blend of vitamin C, AHAs, and fruit enzymes brightens, replenishing oils (think: avocado, apricot, prickly pear) nourish, and the brand’s proprietary Blu5 Technology protects against visible light damage.
- The potent [Ambari Beauty Gold Profection22 Mask](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fambaribeauty.com%2Fproducts%2Fgold-profection-mask) treatment features adaptogenic reishi, naturally derived AHAs (i.e. glycolic, lactic, malic, and tartaric), and 100 milligrams of soothing [CBD](https://aedit.com/aedition/cannabidiol-cbd-in-skincare-products-face-body) to remove dead skin cells, improve skin tone and texture, and reduce premature signs of aging. Oh, and all you need is five to 10 minutes once a week to see results.

## **The Takeaway**
Treating hyperpigmentation is a marathon not a sprint. For the best results, a combination of in-office treatments, a well-curated skincare regimen, and vigilant sun care is required. “People need to be willing to subscribe to an at-home treatment regimen because we can’t just get rid of things permanently,” Dr. Frank says. In that sense, he compares dermatology to dentistry. Just because you go to the dentist to get your teeth cleaned doesn’t mean you don’t have to brush your teeth at home. Caring for your skin — especially if you are dealing with hyperpigmentation — works the same way.

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

What do sun damage, post-acne marks, and hormonal changes have in common? They can all cause hyperpigmentation. Here’s how to deal with it.

Best Hyperpigmentation Treatments For Men: Chemical Peels, Lasers, Skincare

The Best Hyperpigmentation Treatments For Men

jeffery-erhunse-BQMZ5ligqps-unsplash

*Feel like you need a dictionary every time you look at the ingredient list of a beauty product? Still unsure of the difference between retinol and retinoids? What about the unique benefits of vitamins B, C, and E? Are alpha and beta hydroxy acids the same thing? The skincare aisle can be overwhelming, but you don’t need a PhD in cosmetic chemistry to navigate it. With expert help, The AEDITION is demystifying and simplifying the beauty industry — [one label at a time](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/read-the-label).*

While fan-favorite acids like [salicylic](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-beta-hydroxy-acids-salicylic-acid-in-skincare) and [hyaluronic](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyaluronic-acid-in-skincare-dermal-filler) are well known for their acne-busting and hydrating powers, respectively, tranexamic acid is still more of an unknown in the skincare space. It’s under-the-radar status is not all that surprising when you consider the fact that, until fairly recently, it’s most popular use was as a clotting medication for women with heavy menstrual bleeding. So, how did tranexamic acid become a dermatologist darling for treating stubborn pigmentation? The AEDITION asked the experts.

## **What Is Tranexamic Acid?**
Tranexamic acid (also referred to as TXA) is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid, lysine, and it was [first synthesized](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-67361630697-3/fulltext) in 1962 by Japanese researchers and husband and wife team Shosuke and Utako Okamoto. At the time (and to this day), TXA can be used as an oral medication used to treat excessive blood loss from trauma, surgery, postpartum bleeding, and heavy menstruation. Belonging to a class of drugs known as antifibrinolytics, tranexamic acid works by slowing down the breakdown of blood clots, which, in turn, helps prevent prolonged bleeding. 

When applied topically to the skin, tranexamic acid has a very different effect. It “can inhibit UV-induced melanin synthesis, which will block the interaction of keratinocytes and melanocytes — the cells that produce melanin in the skin,” explains Shuting Hu, PhD, a cosmetic chemist and co-founder of [Acaderma](https://acaderma.com/).

## **The Benefits of Tranexamic Acid in Skincare**
Given its ability to interrupt the chemical pathways that cause pigmentation in the skin, tranexamic acid is most frequently used to [treat discoloration](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235096/), including [dark spots](https://aedit.com/concern/uneven-skin-tone), [melasma](https://aedit.com/concern/melasma), and [uneven skin texture](https://aedit.com/concern/uneven-skin-texture). “Hyperpigmentation is caused by the excess production of melanin in the skin and can be triggered by UV exposure, acne, hormonal changes, or prescription drugs,” Dr. Hu shares. 

![Tranexamic Acid Skincare Benefits Infographic](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/42qgsz4kMjpWDWKWQ8BrFF/78fdac6a2d2dfa3f5b08a95b552bf8c9/Tranexamic-Acid-Skincare_Benefits-Infographic.png)

In the case of melasma, which is a notoriously tricky condition to treat, exactly how TXA works is still somewhat of a mystery. “While the mechanism is not completely clear, oral tranexamic acid has been shown to be an effective treatment for people who suffer from melasma, a condition where the body makes extra pigment,” explains [Joshua Zeichner, MD](http://www.zeichnerdermatology.com/), a board certified dermatologist and director of cosmetic and clinical research at the Mount Sinai Department of Dermatology. “It is thought that tranexamic acid may provide antioxidant benefits or perhaps may lower delivery of heat to the skin by decreasing blood flow.”

And then there are the topical use cases. While tranexamic acid is certainly not the first skincare ingredient that promises to lighten pigmentation, it is one of the most inclusive. “[It] helps decrease the production of melanin in the skin in a much more gentle and effective manner than some other treatments available on the market,” Dr. Hu notes.

## **The Best Candidates for Tranexamic Acid**
It should come as no surprise that tranexamic acid is most useful for those dealing with unwanted [pigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-treat-hyperpigmentation-with-skincare-cosmetic-treatments) — though Dr. Zeichner notes that people taking hormonal birth control should not use the oral version. “Because it poses a potential clotting risk, anyone with clotting disorders or who is on an oral contraceptive pill should not take the medicine,” he cautions. “Estrogen-containing oral contraceptive pills may increase the risk of a blood clot.” 

The topical version of tranexamic acid, however, is likely still fair game. Tranexamic acid is generally considered safe and effective for most skin types, but those with very [sensitive skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-sensitive-vs-sensitized-skin) should be mindful. Some users [report](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235096/) irritation, dryness, and flaky skin as the side effects of using a product with tranexamic acid.

## **How to Find the Right Tranexamic Acid Product**
The most important aspect of picking the right tranexamic acid is checking the ingredient list and formulation. “When shopping for products that include tranexamic acid, look for a concentration of around 0.5 to 2.5 percent,” Dr. Hu says. “This potency range will be effective and still gentle on the skin.” 

Another thing to keep in mind? Tranexamic acid works well with many other active ingredients. “Serums that combine tranexamic acid with other brightening ingredients such as vitamin C, kojic acid, or niacinamide will target discoloration, even out the skin tone, and reduce inflammation,” she adds. Depending on your skin type, combining tranexamic acid with other acids may be irritating, so consider incorporating one at a time to start. Learn more in our [guide to safely adding skincare ingredients into your routine](https://aedit.com/aedition/safely-trying-new-skincare-products-ingredients).

## **How to Add Tranexamic Acid to Your Skincare Routine**
Tranexamic acid is versatile, but it’s important to make sure it fits in well with the rest of your routine. “I recommend using tranexamic acid one to two times per day,” Dr. Hu says. “It can be used either in the morning or at night, whatever best fits your routine.” More likely than not, you’ll find the ingredient in serums and targeted treatments. “I typically recommend using a tranexamic acid in serum, like [Acaderma’s Star Light Spot Corrector](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Facaderma.com%2Fproducts%2Fstar-light-spot-corrector), since it can be layered before your other products,” she shares. 

The way you apply tranexamic acid depends on the nature of your discoloration. “For people who have mottled hyperpigmentation, which are subtle dark spots throughout the entire
face, I recommend applying your brightening serum to the entire area,” Dr. Zeichner says. His pick? The  [La Roche-Posay Glycolic B5 Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laroche-posay.us%2Fface-and-body-skin-care%2Fanti-aging-products%2Fanti-aging-serum%2Fglycolic-b5-10-pure-glycolic-acid-serum-3337872413162.html). “For someone who has an individual, well-defined patch, a spot treatment method can be used,” he adds.

Both experts agree that tranexamic acid tends to work best when paired with other brightening ingredients. “Especially when treating hyperpigmentation, a multi-prong approach is best,” Dr. Zeichner explains. He suggests using ingredients that “complement each other to reduce pigmentation production, enhance cell turnover, and calm Inflammation.” Some products that fit the bill:

- The [Good Molecules Discoloration Correcting Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beautylish.com%2Fs%2Fgood-molecules-discoloration-correcting-serum) is a TikTok-favorite, and it combines a tranexamic acid complex with [niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare) to treat *and* prevent pigmentation. 
- [Peter Thomas Roth’s PRO Strength Niacinamide Discoloration Treatment](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fpeter-thomas-roth-pro-strength-niacinamide-discoloration-treatment-P454102) blends the acid with niacinamide and kojic acid for a gentle but effective brightening effect. 
- Tranexamic acid is joined by [bakuchiol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-bakuchiol-in-skincare), niacinamide, [vitamin E](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-e-in-skincare), and milk thistle to target brown and gray patches in [Paula's Choice Discoloration Repair Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulaschoice.com%2Fclinical-discoloration-repair-serum%2F804-8040.html).

But you don’t always have to do everything in one step. “In addition to brightening serums, [sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-approved-sunscreen-for-face-body) is also a must,” Dr. Zeichner adds. “And I usually recommend antioxidant serums that contain ingredients like [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare) in the morning.” Here at The AEDITION, we’re fans of the [Renée Rouleau Vitamin C & E Treatment](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reneerouleau.com%2Fproducts%2Fvitamin-c-e-treatment) and [BeautyStat Universal C Skin Refiner](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermstore.com%2Fbeautystat-universal-c-skin-refiner%2F12293290.html).

## **The Takeaway**
Tranexamic acid may have started as a medication to help stop heavy bleeding, but it can also be used in skincare to treat discoloration and dark spots. In topical form, it works best when paired with other brightening ingredients in a serum or spot treatment form. Be sure the formula contains an appropriate amount of the acid (at least 0.5 percent) in order to fully enjoy the skin tone evening benefits.

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*


While vitamin C has long been seen as the first line of defense when it comes to treating pigmentation, this under-the-radar acid will likely become your new fave.

Guide To Tranexamic Acid In Skincare For Dark Spots, Melasma, Hyperpigmentation

Read The Label: All Of Your Tranexamic Acid Questions Answered

shutterstock 1859500696

In recent months, the aesthetics industry has been abuzz with confusion wondering: where did the hydroquinone go? The ‘gold standard’ treatment for [hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-treat-hyperpigmentation-with-skincare-cosmetic-treatments) has virtually disappeared from United States skincare shelves — an unwitting casualty of the 2020 CARES Act.

Yep, you read that right. The pandemic-inspired economic relief bill also [contained a provision](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/over-counter-otc-nonprescription-drugs/over-counter-otc-drug-review-otc-monograph-reform-cares-act) for modernizing the way the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The law reforms the agency’s notoriously cumbersome rulemaking system ([in place since the 1970s](https://aedit.com/aedition/modern-history-of-us-food-drug-cosmetic-regulation-fda)) responsible for creating drug monographs — essentially rulebooks that OTC drug manufacturers can use to bypass the costly drug approval process. The CARES Act resolved all of the pending regulations that were stalled out by decades-old bureaucracy, declaring that “the most recently applicable proposal” would be considered final.

Problem is, the monograph for OTC skin bleaching products was still under review. Hydroquinone, which had initially been considered GRASE (read: generally recognized as safe), had been downgraded to ‘not GRASE’ in the most recent recommendation. Without a final monograph and a tentative categorization as unsafe, OTC hydroquinone was toast. Here’s everything you need to know about the compelling (and controversial!) history of hydroquinone in skincare.

## **What Is Hydroquinone?**
Naturally found in a variety of plants (including coffee), hydroquinone was first distilled in 1820 and soon became one of the primary chemicals in photographic developing solutions. An antioxidant, it’s commonly used as a stabilizer in paints and motor fuels.

The skin bleaching properties of hydroquinone were discovered by accident in 1938 when a group of Chicago leather tannery workers sued the factory owner after they developed depigmented patches (a.k.a. leukoderma) on their hands and forearms. The patches corresponded to areas covered by factory-provided rubber gloves — which had been manufactured using a chemical called monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.

In the following decades, researchers performed a variety of *in vitro* (i.e. test tube) and *in vivo* (a.k.a. animal or human) research using various concentrations and formulations of hydroquinone. They found the organic compound to be generally effective at reducing hyperpigmentation in both white and black test subjects — though the dark patches typically returned after discontinued use.

### **What Does Hydroquinone Treat?**
Clinically, hydroquinone is used to treat dyschromia (read: skin discoloration or patches of uneven skin color). Variations include:

- **[Melasma](https://aedit.com/concern/melasma)**: A symmetrical pattern of hyperpigmentation on the face caused by UV damage or hormonal changes.
- **[Solar Lentigines](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage)**: Also known as sun spots or liver spots, they form when skin cells start to produce melanin as a result of repeated sun exposure.
- **[Freckles](https://aedit.com/aedition/whats-the-difference-between-freckles-and-sun-spots)**: Small dark spots, usually less than five millimeters in diameter, where skin cells have produced extra pigmentation.
- **[Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-induced-post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation)**: Skin discoloration caused by inflammatory conditions like acne, burns, eczema, and dermatitis.

Hydroquinone’s most common use is in patients with PIH and melasma, while its chemical cousin — monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone — is FDA approved to treat severe cases of [vitiligo](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitiligo-causes-treatments).

## **Hydroquinone FAQs**
More often than not, the more you learn about hydroquinone, the more questions you have. From dispelling common myths (i.e. hydroquinone equals bleach) to clearing up confusion (so, what’s the deal with FDA approval?), we’re breaking down some of the most frequently asked questions about hydroquinone.

### **1. Does Hydroquinone Bleach Skin?**
Time for another biology lesson: When applied topically, hydroquinone has several effects on the skin cells that produce melanin. These melanocytes are found in the basal layer of the epidermis, where they produce eumelanin (brown or black pigments) and pheomelanin (yellow or red pigments). This process is facilitated by an enzyme called tyrosinase.

Hydroquinone impacts this phenomenon (known as melanogenesis) in a couple of ways:

1. It inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, altering melanosome formation
2. It inhibits tyrosinase, which impedes melanogenesis

So, technically speaking, hydroquinone isn’t a bleach. Instead, it restricts the skin’s ability to produce melanin, which has the effect of lightening the complexion — but only while you’re using the medication.

### **2. What Are the Side Effects of Hydroquinone?**
When used as directed, hydroquinone in concentrations up to 4 percent has relatively mild side effects. Common side effects include:

- Mild irritation
- Dryness
- Redness
- Inflammation

With that said, rare but serious side effects have also been documented. These include:

- **Complete Depigmentation**: Instead of just lightening the treatment area, the skin becomes devoid of pigment
- **Leukoderma-en-Confetti**: Splotchy areas of depigmentation dotted with spots of hyperpigmentation
- **Exogenous Ochronosis**: A skin disorder characterized by blue-black, caviar-like pigment deposits

It’s worth noting that there have been just 22 documented cases of exogenous ochronosis in the U.S. Worldwide, severe side effects are most commonly associated with prolonged usage of the drug against physician or labeling recommendations or when the hydroquinone is combined with dangerous ingredients like mercury.

### **3. Does Hydroquinone Cause Cancer?**
Additionally, There have been [quite a few studies](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18027166/) trying to conclusively determine the safety of hydroquinone. Research from the [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)](https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/hydroquinone.pdf) and the [National Toxicology Program](https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/testpgm/status/ts-10022-h.html) have provoked FDA concern. Here are the takeaways:

- **Cancer**: While there is [some evidence](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15129564/) that the drug — when taken orally — can lead to kidney cancer and leukemia in rats, no link has been found between hydroquinone use and cancer of any kind in humans.
- **Fertility**: Research examining the effects of hydroquinone on [fertility and pregnancy](https://aedit.com/aedition/skincare-ingredients-to-avoid-during-pregnancy-breastfeeding) in rats and mice have been inconclusive, but concerning enough to be noted by the FDA. 
- **Absorption**: Hydroquinone has a relatively high [absorption rate](https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/noms/support_docs/hydroquinone_may2009.pdf) in humans, especially in certain formulations. This means that even though it is applied topically, somewhere around half of the drug enters the bloodstream.

### **4. Is Hydroquinone FDA Approved?**
A deep dive into hydroquinone regulation in the U.S. reveals a little-known fact — not all drugs (even prescriptions!) sold in America are approved by the FDA. Let’s review how drugs are marketed:

- **OTC**: Over-the-counter drugs are typically regulated via what’s called a monograph — basically, the FDA’s rulebook for a class of drugs. Any OTC medication must comply with the monograph and does not need to go through the formal approval process. If the monograph is pending, an OTC drug can still be marketed in the meantime. This is why hydroquinone was available over the counter.
- **Prescriptions**: Prescription drugs can be approved (meaning they’ve gone through clinical trials and testing) or simply regulated. In the case of hydroquinone, there is only one brand-name product that’s FDA approved: [Galderma Labs’ Tri-Luma](https://www.galderma.com/us/news/galdermas-tri-luma-cream-only-fda-approved-treatment-melasma-now-available-pharmacies). Because hydroquinone is approved for use in that medication, it’s included in the [FDA’s Orange Book](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/approved-drug-products-therapeutic-equivalence-evaluations-orange-book) — a list of drug substances and their therapeutic equivalents (a.k.a. generic substitutes). 

To bridge the gap between what’s clinically needed and what’s approved for prescribing, the [Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act)](https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/laws-enforced-fda/federal-food-drug-and-cosmetic-act-fdc-act) allows compounding pharmacies to prepare and dispense drugs that haven’t been formally approved by the FDA. 503A compounding facilities produce drugs for individual patients on a case-by-case basis, while 503B facilities primarily supply bulk drugs for physicians to distribute in-office.

### **5. Did the CARES Act Ban Hydroquinone?**
From 2006 to 2020, hydroquinone was in regulatory limbo. With no formal FDA ruling in place, the drug was readily available in both over-the-counter and prescription forms, including at strengths that exceeded the agency’s original recommendations.

Under the CARES Act, any drugs that were awaiting a final monograph and were deemed GRASE would be allowed to remain on the market without submitting a new drug application (NDA). Meanwhile, those drugs that did not have a final or tentative final monograph and were not considered GRASE (like hydroquinone) would be considered new drugs and required to submit an NDA within 180 days or face FDA enforcement.

The net net: all OTC hydroquinone had to be removed from the market. Manufacturers have the option to file for a new drug application, but the process is no joke. It’s estimated that the median cost of the application and approval process (including fees, clinical studies, etc.) is $19 million and can take about a year.

### **6. Can You Still Get Hydroquinone in the U.S.?**
Understandably, many doctors are unclear about how the CARES Act impacts their ability to offer hydroquinone as a treatment option for patients with pigmentation concerns. “There really is no system in place or an alert that tells doctors ‘this is what you can, and cannot do,’” explains Allyson Avila, a partner at [Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani, LLP](https://www.grsm.com/lawyers/a/allyson-a-avila), and one of the country’s leading lawyers for the medical aesthetics industry. She advises doctors to contact their state drug regulators and/or an attorney for guidance.

Here is how Avila summarizes the law as it now stands:

> “Currently, products containing hydroquinone can only be distributed if (1) they are approved by the FDA through the new drug application process or (2) the compounds are patient-specific prescriptions.
> 
> Hydroquinone remains a Category 1 substance on the [FDA 503B Bulk Drug Substances List](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503b-fdc-act). Items that fall under Category 1 substances are under evaluation. Therefore, compounds that come from 503B facilities are not allowed to be dispensed at this time unless they are FDA approved. If these compounds are patient-specific prescriptions, they can be dispensed from either 503A or 503B facilities. 
> 
> Additionally, each state has slightly different pharmacy regulations that go along with FDA guidelines. Physicians must comply with FDA regulations along with state and local pharmacy regulations before dispensing products and prescriptions containing hydroquinone.”

## **The Future of Hydroquinone in the U.S.**
With so many patients relying on hydroquinone to treat hyperpigmentation, dermatologists and plastic surgeons alike are concerned about its continued availability. This is particularly true for BIPOC patients, who are often disproportionately affected by dyschromia.

With an FDA-approved formulation and inclusion on the Bulk Substances list for compounding, many experts feel it’s unlikely that the FDA will entirely remove hydroquinone from the U.S. market anytime soon. But the controversy surrounding the drug has spurred efforts to find [safe and effective alternatives](https://aedit.com/procedure/even-skin-tone-solutions) to treat hyperpigmentation.

### **A Brief History of Hydroquinone**
- **1978**: As the first step in creating an official monograph, an FDA advisory panel [proposes recommendations](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2006/08/29/E6-14263/skin-bleaching-drug-products-for-over-the-counter-human-use-proposed-rule) for regulating skin bleaching products. Based on evidence presented, the panel suggests that hydroquinone be generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) in concentrations of 1.5 percent to 2 percent and labeled to discontinue use after two months if no improvement is made.
- **1982**: After public comments, the FDA proposes a tentative final monograph (TFM). The agency rejects an appeal from industry to allow concentrations up to 4 percent hydroquinone based on study findings showing no significant difference in efficacy between 2 percent and 4 percent. The FDA agrees with the panel’s conclusion that high concentrations of hydroquinone with exposure to the sun may cause disfiguring effects. 
- **1999**: The International Agency for Research and Cancer (IARC) determines that hydroquinone is [not classifiable](http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol71/024-hydroquinone.html) as to its carcinogenicity to humans due to inadequate evidence in humans and limited evidence in experimental animals.
- **2001**: The [European Union bans OTC hydroquinone](https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/noms/support_docs/hydroquinone_may2009.pdf) due to concerns about leukoderma-en-confetti and exogenous ochronosis.
- **2006**: Based on additional research and data, the FDA decides to reverse its recommendation and proposes to classify hydroquinone as not GRASE, effectively withdrawing the tentative final monograph for the skin bleaching category. The agency cites “some evidence” of the drug’s potential link to cancer and fertility problems, as well as a clear link to exogenous ochronosis, even at low doses.
- **2011**: Texas [bans the sale of hydroquinone products](https://www.pharmacy.texas.gov/files_pdf/BN/May16/Tab_31.pdf) in doctors’ offices but allows prescription sales to continue.
- **2017**: FDA issues policy guidelines indicating that they do not intend to take action against facilities that compound Category 1 Bulk Substances (like hydroquinone) for prescription sale in doctors’ offices.
- **2020**: CARES Act reforms the OTC monograph process, effectively outlawing non-prescription hydroquinone.

Now Trending

In recent months, the aesthetics industry has been abuzz with confusion over the impact of the CARES Act on hydroquinone. We’re breaking down everything you need to know.

Guide To Hydroquinone: Treatment, Safety, Regulation

So, What Exactly Is Happening With Hydroquinone?

shutterstock 1982657501

You know the drill: You get a blemish. You deal with it. Its ghost (i.e. the [pigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-treat-hyperpigmentation-with-skincare-cosmetic-treatments) left in the pimple’s wake) then hangs around for an entire season of *Mare of Easttown*. What to do? Here, we talked to top dermatologists and a nurse practitioner to learn more about why these dark marks crop up after [acne](https://aedit.com/concern/acne) and how to address them in-office and at home.

## **What Causes Post-Acne Hyperpigmentation?** 
The pigmentation that occurs in the wake of acne is a form of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). PIH is the result of an overproduction of melanin or an irregular dispersion of pigment after cutaneous (read: skin) inflammation. “Hyperpigmentation develops after acne as the healing phase from the inflammation — redness and [swelling](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-minimize-swelling-after-cosmetic-surgery) — associated with the breakout,” says [Jessica Weiser MD](https://aedit.com/provider/jessica-weiser-md-34640), a board certified dermatologist in New York City. 

Not to be confused with [acne scarring](https://aedit.com/concern/acne-scars), PIH is a flat area of discoloration on the skin. The way it presents depends on your [skin tone](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fitzpatrick-skin-types). PIH can range in color from white, pink, and red to purple, brown, and black. As Dr. Weiser explains, persistent erythema (redness) is common in lighter complexions after acne, and pigment is more readily formed by medium and darker skin types. 

While it affects men and women the same, PIH tends to be more severe and long-lasting in skin of color. [Research shows](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921758/#B6) a common cause of PIH for BIPOC is acne vulgaris. A [2002 study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11807471/) evaluating acne in skin of color found that 65.3 percent of African American, 52.7 percent of Hispanic, and 47.4 percent of Asian patients developed acne-induced PIH. 

## **How to Prevent Post-Acne Hyperpigmentation**
The best way to prevent post-acne hyperpigmentation, Dr. Weiser says, is to control and ‘turn off’ the inflammation as quickly as possible. That means, mindfully treating your acne breakouts while they are still active. You may be used to reaching for the nearest drying lotion, but anti-inflammatory actives may be the better bet to heal pimples. “Using topical treatments like [niacinamide](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-niacinamide-vitamin-b3-in-skincare), [azelaic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-azelaic-acid-in-skincare), zinc supplements, or even a crushed aspirin tablet made into a paste can help reduce redness and swelling,” she explains. 

Most importantly, Dr. Weiser offers yet another reason to [not DIY your own extractions](https://aedit.com/aedition/dangers-of-diy-at-home-dermatology-beauty-treatments). Picking, squeezing, and/or traumatizing the lesion can worsen discoloration and lead to [textural scarring](https://aedit.com/procedure/acne-scar-solutions), she warns.

## **How to Treat Post-Acne Hyperpigmentation**
We know that even the best laid plans can go astray. So, if you’re left with lingering PIH after a breakout, you may be wondering what your options are to treat it. Depending on your preferences, in-office treatments, at-home skincare, or some combination of the two can help fade dark spots. Below are some of the best post-acne hyperpigmentation solutions.

### **In-Office Treatments** 
While most post-acne marks fade over time, treating them right after they occur with an energy-based device yields the best results, says [Paul Jarrod Frank, MD](https://www.instagram.com/drpauljarrodfrank/?hl=en), a board certified dermatologist in NYC. “For red marks, I often use a vascular laser, either the Vbeam® or the Excel® V+,” he shares. “For brown PIH, I like to use the Pico Genesis™ laser.”

At [Neinstein Plastic Surgery](https://neinsteinplasticsurgery.com/), Tara Garrick, NP, also opts for laser therapy. She is a fan of Lutronic Ultra™, a [non-ablative fractional laser](https://aedit.com/procedure/nonablative-fractional-lasers) that is safe for all skin tones with minimal downtime. “This laser uses thulium gas to create micro-channels in the skin on a cellular level,” she explains. “It gives clients dramatic results without the downtime or pain intensity that other lasers cause.”

When it comes to seeing results from these treatments, Dr. Weiser says patience is key. “Procedures in-office need to be done serially to improve hyperpigmentation,” she notes. Her go-tos include [microdermabrasion](https://aedit.com/procedure/diamond-tip-microdermabrasion), [chemical peels](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-superficial-medium-deep-chemical-peels), and specific types of [laser therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-laser-skin-hair-removal-treatments-for-darker-skin-tones) that “can brighten skin tone and even out pigmentation.” While there may not be instant gratification, encouraging skin turnover can expedite the healing process, she adds. 

### **At-Home Skincare** 
Skincare can be an effective complement to in-office treatments or a stand-alone solution for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Dr. Frank says it’s important to choose active ingredients based on the color of the PIH. 

### For Pink or Red PIH
- Alpha Hydroxy Acids 
- Retinoids

### For Brown or Black PIH
- AHAs
- Arbutin
- Kojic Acid
- Hydroquinone

“For lighter skin types, these marks tend to be red and the best options are either [alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) or [retinoids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare),” Dr. Frank explains. For darker skin types, where the mark is more brown, he says AHAs, hydroquinone, kojic acid, arbutin, or a combination of these ingredients work best. 

No matter the color of the PIH, daily sun protection — in the form of [broad-spectrum sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-sunscreens-of-2021) — is a non-negotiable to prevent it from darkening further, Dr. Weiser says. She recommends a skincare routine that features sunscreen and [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare) in the morning and glycolic acid, kojic acid, cysteamine, and similar actives in the evening to [gently exfoliate](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-at-home-chemical-peels-exfoliators) and brighten. Prescription options include “topical retinoids, like tretinoin (Retin-A), and hydroquinone,” she adds.

As for more over-the-counter products that get the job done, here are a few we’ve successfully tested for post-acne marks:

### **Renee Rouleau Post-Breakout Fading Gel**
![AEDIT-ReneeRouleau](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/3XqsZ8uSVEURlk2ch94IEt/6b400a759b1b87dca3b98da4dc003f2c/AEDIT-ReneeRouleau.jpg)
As its name suggests, this serum from celebrity aesthetician Renée Rouleau is specifically formulated with exfoliating AHAs, anti-inflammatory green tea extract, and soothing sea whip extract to visibly lighten and fade marks left behind by cystic acne and blemishes. $42, [reneerouleau.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reneerouleau.com%2Fcollections%2Fall%2Fproducts%2Fpost-breakout-fading-gel) 

### **Augustinus Bader The Essence**
![AEDIT-AugustinusBader](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/4ZeoI61dmDZEPxIJCOzLpD/e965c99cfb661bbfc49a165838f93845/AEDIT-AugustinusBader.jpg)
Dr. Weiser is a fan of this multitasking fluid that combines the benefits of a gentle exfoliant, purifying toner, and hydrating essence because it marries hydroxy acids and healing botanical actives to “help tone and protect the skin.” $30, [augustinusbader.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Faugustinusbader.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fthe-essence) 

### **Freeman Beauty Micro-Darts Pro Dark Spots**
![AEDIT-FreemanBeauty](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/2A6Y3A85jPwKZ7MbLmhqad/900e570a83784f9a3a488b52b09aeefa/AEDIT-FreemanBeauty.jpg)
An overnight treatment that’s easy to use and easy on your wallet? Sign us up. Functioning like a [pimple patch](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-pimple-patches-to-treat-acne-breakouts-blemishes), these stickers target trouble spots with a potent dose of vitamin C and hyaluronic acid to minimize dark spots and moisturize skin. $6, [ulta.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulta.com%2Fp%2Ffreeman-micro-darts-pro-dark-spot-patches-pimprod2017043%3Fsku%3D2566471) 

### **Farmacy Honeymoon Glow**
![AEDIT-Farmacy](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/6zrNflLOzCsLai2ZOlDy0M/c7a10a1ff2359303c57062c152d16fe9/AEDIT-Farmacy.jpg)
This nighttime serum treats active acne *and* fades PIH thanks to a clarifying and exfoliating blend of AHAs (lactic, glycolic, and citric to be exact), [beta hydroxy acids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-beta-hydroxy-acids-salicylic-acid-in-skincare) (from willow bark), and hibiscus extract that results in smoother, more even-toned skin. $58, [farmacybeauty.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farmacybeauty.com%2Fproducts%2Fhoneymoon-glow) 

### **PFrank MD Vanishing Stick**
![AEDIT-PFrank](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/1pLO3XhPOqTqdCmjabl6I2/5846d2ed4dd02cbd410a3f1e2c488be7/AEDIT-PFrank.jpg)
When treating patients with PIH, Dr. Frank often recommends his spot treatment, which is formulated with arbutin, lactic acid, kojic acid, and antioxidants (think: vitamin C and green tea) to brighten and protect the complexion. *visit* [pfrankmd.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpfrankmd.com%2Fvanishing-stick%2F) *for more information* 

### **Volition Hibiscus Unspottable Correcting Oil**
![AEDIT-Volition](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/5jcucYv2ridGGpVf4Qp4Bw/109a209ed101fde955b721411f8e7ceb/AEDIT-Volition.jpg)
This lightweight oil pulls double beauty duty — simultaneously moisturizing and addressing dark spots. Hibiscus oil contains naturally occurring malic and citric acids to gently exfoliate, while licorice root extract brightens and soothes stressed skin. $49, [sephora.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fvolition-beauty-hibiscus-unspottable-correcting-oil-P454374) 

### **SkinCeuticals Conditioning Toner**
![AEDIT-SkinCeuticals](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/4yRVxwDYK2eprY3DXCYIyP/511ffc9df6154b5fcbb3da7633ece984/AEDIT-SkinCeuticals.jpg)
This multi-functional toner both treats and prevents PIH. Glycolic acid removes dead skin cells to reveal a brighter complexion; salicylic acid refines pores to prevent future breakouts; and eucalyptus oil ensures the skin is clean and calm. $34, [dermstore.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermstore.com%2Fproduct_Conditioning%2BToner_29858.htm) 

### **Wild Bae Beauty Illuminating Acerola Complex**
![AEDIT-WildBae](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/5c7RAziIVMsAc0MfYOWL0y/45cab4f24cdf51fd441f06d91a4e2b6e/AEDIT-WildBae.jpg)
Considered a natural alternative to traditional vitamin A and C serums, this formula features acerola cherries, an under-the-radar skincare superfood that offer the brightening and protecting benefits of a high vitamin C content without the irritation. Oh, and it can be used A.M. and P.M. $100, [bymaryschook.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbymaryschook.com%2Fproducts%2Fwild-bae%25E2%2584%25A2-illuminating-acerola-complex) 

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

The pimple may be gone, but now there’s a stubborn mark in its place. Here, top experts share the best ways to treat acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).